AN E-BOOK ABOUT MODEL AIRCRAFT

CHAPTER 13 INDEX
TOOLS and ACCESSORIES

THIS DIRECTORY
BOLT AND NUT DIMENSIONS CHEESE BOARDS FASTENER TIPS GENERAL TOPICS

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TO DRILLING TIPS
CHEESE BOARDS Small cheeseboards, wooden or chopping boards are essential if you do not wish to damage your desk or benchtop. They are generally used to place small parts on when cutting off leftover chunks after detaching from the sprue and ensuring the hobby knife cuts into the small board, rather than the desk/bench top. I use these most often when cutting off small photo-etched parts too.
FASTENER TIPS
NYLON BOLT INSERTION
If you ever have had trouble getting nylon bolts started when attaching the wing or other major subassembly, try this. Bevel the threaded end of the bolt so it will tend to be self centering when you're trying to get it started. The easiest way to bevel the bolts
Drill Tips
SERVO HOLES
When trying to install a servo in a plane, try this idea. Often, the cramped quarters doesn't leave enough room for a standard size drill. Use a standard Exacto handle with a 1/16" drill bit installed. The pilot hole can now be drilled by turning the handle and will make an acceptable hole for the servo mounting screw.
XACTO HOLDER
Try drilling a hole in the handle end of your small Xacto knife holder. Thread a key ring into this hole. Now you have a knife that won't roll off the work bench and has a built in hanger, as well.
CASE HARDNER
After cutting threads in wood with a tap (for wing hold down bolts, for example) saturate the hole with thin CA to "case harden" the threads. You will have to run the tap through one more time after the CA sets to clean up the threads. The threads will now last longer than the airframe.
ACCESSORIES
Hobby Hangar - U.S. importer of Minicraft Precision Power Tools and Mr.G. florescent rotor blades and supplies.

GENERAL TOPICS
A (1)
Ausfwerks Design- A Site dedicated to the development of Quality Tools and Accesories for the scale model builder. Careful planning and thought go into each and every product we manufacture. We are model makers first, salesmen second.
B (4)
Badger Air-Brush Co. Airbrushes, paints, compressors, accessories
BENCH TOP INJECTION MOLDER Mfr's. a small plastic injection molding machine for business or hobby use. Price $1495.00
Black Bear Construction Company: Tools and Supplies for building timber bridges in all scales. Acrylic jigs for trestle bents, truss bridges, deck bridges and arch bridges.
Blueridge Machinery and Tools Inc. Lathes, milling machines, drill presses, tools for your machine shop, Emco and Unimat parts, model steam engine kits, boiler kits, how-to books and videos.
C (2)
Como Drills miniature drills for modeling
Cross Hobby Tools, Inc.

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   D (3)
      DGR Designs : Huddersfield W. Yorkshire, United Kingdom - Supply of used machine tools and manuals. Inlay materials, powdered metals and dyes for cold casting. Spares and manuals for Graduate wood lathe.
DIY 4 channel DRO : Munich, Germany - The DRO:int4 interface connects to cheap Chinese scales and, together with an old PC or Laptop, builds a flexible 4-channel DRO for a lathe or a mill. The interface is available as a kit. Shipping worldwide.
Dremel - Products and plans for woodworking, home improvement, automotive and craft/hobby.
Workshop features how-to's for model railroading, woodworking and more.
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E (1)
Expo Tools
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F (2)
Fastener-Express.com - Miniature hobby screws, anodized aluminum fasteners, metric socket screws, machine screws,nuts, washers, and bolts.
Fourmost Miter Sander
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G (2)
Grit Stix - All-in-one sanding tool for R/C enthusiasts.
gw-Werkzeuge Modelling Tools
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H (4)
Hexcrews - High-quality screws and fasteners for R/C cars and trucks.
Hold & Fold Photo Etch bending Tools for the EU area : Gillingham Dorset, United Kingdom - The Small Shop EU is the exclusive distributor for the HOLD & FOLD PE bending work station in the EU area. NEW tools are now released and new design features are included. 2 inch 4 inch and 8 inch tools have been developed together with unique Cutting.
HOn30 Home Depot Tool Tips (Everything you need to know about sharpening knives, modifying X-Acto™ knife blades and permanent handles for them, resistance soldering)
E. Honauer, File and Tool Factory (Maker of engineer's files, precision files & needle files, Switzerland)
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I (3)

Indoor Flyer
Inland Hobby Tools- Great tools ... Cool gadgets!
Iwata airbrushes, compressors, and accessories
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M (5)
McMaster Carr (Fastening & Sealing » Socket Head Cap Screws)
Minicraft Tools (Small precision power tools)
Micro Fasteners - Major supplier of small nuts, bolts, and other hardware in small quantities at reasonable prices.
Micro-Mark - More than 2,500 hard-to-find tools and supplies for building scale models of trains, ships, planes, automobiles and dollhouses.
MiniTech Engineering and model supplies in Australia.
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N (2)
NEW Hold & Fold Photo Etch bending Tools for the EU area : Gillingham Dorset, United Kingdom - The Small Shop EU is the exclusive distributor for the HOLD & FOLD PE bending work station in the EU area. NEW tools are now released and new design features are included. 2 inch 4 inch and 8 inch tools have been developed together with unique Cutting.
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O (2)
Olfa
Online Metals - Small Quantity Specialists
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P (4)
Pana Vise Products - Precision vices for modeling projects, circuit board holders, and specialty OEM mounts.
Papa John's Toolbox - Hobby tool supply house.
Precision Thickness Sander Precision Thickness Sander for the Scratch Modeler. Accurate to 0.010" , fits any drill press, excellent dust collection . Handles small parts easily.
Precision Hobby Tools Melbourne, victoria, Australia Hobby Tools, power tools, hardware, glues and scale model wood for building model ships, trains, airplanes, cars, dollhouses, toy making, miniatures and more. Hard to find tools.
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R (1)
Rod chuck - Hand tool to produce 4-40 threads on 1/8" rods or 2-56 threads on 3/32" rods.
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S (3)
Silentaire Technology
Shop-Task - Machining made easy
Tool Reviews from ShopNotes and Workbench Magazines
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T (5)
Taig Tools - The official homepage of Taig Tools, manufacturer of desktop milling machines and lathes for over 30 years
The Cool Tool : Vienna, Austria - Homepage of the Unimat 1 power tool system, Playmat, Styro-Cut 3D, Uniturn-Mill.
The Small Shop EU : Bath, United Kingdom The Small Shop EU web site Hold & Fold, Brass Assist, The NUTTER, CASTaCOAT, SNOW-COAT
TopTechTools Modeling tools
Tork-It - Precision torque wrenches/drivers for model engine applications.
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W (1)
Wiha - High quality screw drivers and other hand tools for hobby use.
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Bolt and Nut Dimensions
All countries in the world except USA use millimeters (mm).   USA citizens: To convert mm to inch, divide by 25.400.

Standard USA Bolt Shank Dimensions
(All dimensions in units of mm unless otherwise specified.)

Unified Bolt Threads
Coarse (UNC) Unified Bolt Threads
Fine (UNF)

USA Size Desig- nation Nominal (Major) Diam- eter,
D_n

Threads per
inch,
n Pitch (mm per thread), p Tensile Stress Dia- meter,
D_t Shear Stress Minor Dia- meter,
D_s Threads per
inch,
n Pitch
(mm per thread),
p Tensile Stress Dia- meter,
D_t Shear Stress Minor Dia- meter,
D_s

0 1.524 80 0.3175 1.215 1.112

1 1.854 64 0.3969 1.468 1.339 72 0.3528 1.510 1.396

2 2.184 56 0.4536 1.742 1.595 64 0.3969 1.798 1.669

3 2.515 48 0.5292 1.999 1.827 56 0.4536 2.073 1.925

4 2.845 40 0.6350 2.226 2.020 48 0.5292 2.329 2.157

6 3.505 32 0.7938 2.732 2.474 40 0.6350 2.887 2.680

8 4.166 32 0.7938 3.392 3.134 36 0.7056 3.478 3.249

10 4.826 24 1.0583 3.795 3.451 32 0.7938 4.053 3.795

12 5.486 24 1.0583 4.455 4.112 28 0.9071 4.603 4.308

0.2500 6.350 20 1.2700 5.113 4.700 28 0.9071 5.466 5.172

0.3125 7.938 18 1.4111 6.563 6.104 24 1.0583 6.906 6.563

0.3750 9.525 16 1.5875 7.978 7.463 24 1.0583 8.494 8.150

0.4375 11.112 14 1.8143 9.345 8.756 20 1.2700 9.875 9.463

0.5000 12.700 13 1.9538 10.796 10.162 20 1.2700 11.463 11.050

0.5625 14.288 12 2.1167 12.225 11.538 18 1.4111 12.913 12.454

0.6250 15.875 11 2.3091 13.625 12.875 18 1.4111 14.500 14.042

0.7500 19.050 10 2.5400 16.575 15.750 16 1.5875 17.503 16.988

0.8750 22.225 9 2.8222 19.475 18.559 14 1.8143 20.457 19.868

1.0000 25.400 8 3.1750 22.307 21.276 12 2.1167 23.338 22.650

1.1250 28.575 7 3.6286 25.040 23.861 12 2.1167 26.513 25.825

1.2500 31.750 7 3.6286 28.215 27.036 12 2.1167 29.688 29.000

1.3750 34.925 6 4.2333 30.801 29.426 12 2.1167 32.863 32.175

1.5000 38.100 6 4.2333 33.976 32.601 12 2.1167 36.038 35.350

Pitch p is longitudinal length per thread. Note that p = 1 / n, where n = threads per unit length.
For USA bolts, tensile stress diameter, by definition, is D_t = D_n – 0.974279 p.
For USA bolts, minor (shear) diameter, by definition, is D_s = D_n – 1.299038 p.
For metric bolts, tensile stress diameter, by definition, is D_t = D_n – 0.938194 p.
For metric bolts, minor (shear) diameter, by definition

Standard USA Bolt Hex Head and Hex Nut Dimensions
(All dimensions in units of mm unless otherwise specified.)

Hex Head Standard Hex Nut Heavy Hex Nut Reduced Standard Hex Nut MS21043 Reduced Hex Nut

USA Size Desig- nation Standard Hex Head Socket Size Width Across Flats,
W Width Across Corners,
C Nut Socket Size (inch) Nut Height, H Width Across Flats, W Width Across Corners, C Socket Size (inch) Socket Size (inch) Nut Socket Size (inch) Nut Height, H Width Across Flats, W Width Across Corners, C Washer Face Diameter,
D_w

0 not app. 1.3125 1.4375

1.0000 1.5000 1.5000 1.6250

1.1250 1.6875 1.6875 1.8125

1.2500 1.8750 1.8750 2.0000

1.3750 2.0625 2.0625 2.1875

1.5000 2.2500 2.2500 2.3750

	For a hexagon with non-rounded corners, C = W / cos(30°); and C = 2a, where a is length of hexagon side. TO TOP OF PAGE
	DRILLING TIPS Drilling for Dowel Pins When drilling holes in the plywood of your plane to accommodate wing hold down dowel pins, it is sometimes difficult to get them just the right size without some slop in the hole. For example, if you were using 1/4 inch dowel pins you would need to use the next size larger drill bit which is normally 17/64. Not bad but a better way is to drill the 1/4 inch hole, harden the hole with CA and then enlarge it with a 1/4 inch prop reamer available from Tower Hobbies. This makes the hole just the right size and a snug fitting dowel pin. This prop reamer works with other sizes also. Gene Davis Better Holes IF you have to drill a hole in thin balsa do not try to use a common wood drill it will usually leave a ragged hole that is the wrong size. Go to the hobby store and get a piece of thin wall brass tubing the same outside diameter as the hole you want to drill. Mount the tubing in an electric drill (preferably a drill press) then hold a piece of sand paper or a file against the end while turning to sharpen it. Use this to drill your holes it will cut perfect holes. After cut ing several holes you may have to push out the wood that collects inside the tube with a stiff wire. If you can find a drill the same size as the inside of the tube stick in in the top part so the drill chuck does not crush the tube. Also watch that the tube does not flare out at the bottom and change the size of the hole. From the instructions for the Great Planes Wing Jig.

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